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CMSPI – IAC State of the Industry Report
CMSPI – IAC State of the Industry Report
Finland • 98% of the Finnish population owns a debit card and 63% own a credit card. 35 • Since Finland transacts on the Euro, CBDC research falls under the European Central Bank which started the preparation phase of the Digital Euro in November 2023, expected to last two years. 36
Denmark • 97% of Denmark’s population owns a debit card. 37
• In June 2022 the Central Bank of Denmark published a paper that analyzed new types of digital money. They concluded for retail CBDC, given the associated cost and possible risk, it is not clear how they can add add significant value relative to existing solutions. 38
Iceland • The Central Bank of Iceland in 2018 released a paper at the advantages and disadvantages of CBDC and concluded that the time is right to open discussions on CBDCs and assess the need to digitize cash 39 , but have had no developments since.
Section 1 has showcased the extent of cards fees paid by merchants, and we’ve identified the three main parties to whom they are paid: issuers, acquirers and networks. In Section 2, we’ll look to understand more about these companies by looking into their business models.
35 https://ingenico.com/en/newsroom/blogs/nordic-countries-ready-say-goodbye-cash#:~:text=Swe- den%2C%20one%20of%20the%20most,10%20per%20cent%5B3%5D 36 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2023/html/ecb.pr231018~111a014ae7.en.html 37 https://ingenico.com/en/newsroom/blogs/nordic-countries-ready-say-goodbye-cash#:~:text=Swe- den%2C%20one%20of%20the%20most,10%20per%20cent%5B3%5D 38 https://www.nationalbanken.dk/media/z12aimyo/analysis-no-8-new-types-of-digital-money.pdf#search=CB- DC 39 https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/41859/cbdc-in-the-nordics-what-is-the-status-in-sweden-denmark- norway-finland-and-iceland
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