58
Payments Regulation in Asia
3.00%
2.90%
2.80%
2.70%
2.60%
2.50%
2.40%
2.30%
Category 1
Category 2
House Card
Figure 23 Average Merchant Commission from 2020-2021
The cost of merchant fees between these categories varies significantly in order of least to most expensive: House Cards (2.51%), Category 1 (2.63%), and Category 2 (2.89%). Interestingly, merchants fed back that some international brands even increased fees shortly after the first report was published in 2019. To combat some of these areas on fee increases and lack of merchant transparency, progress since the 2022 report is displayed below and covered in the section on Public Resources on Cost Analysis: 160 161
Figure 24 JFTC & METI Ongoing Reforms
160
https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2022/1130_003.html
161
https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/0601_002.html
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